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Extensive
usage of automobiles has certain disadvantages and one of them is
its hazardous effect on human health and the environment. Carbon
dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of
nitrogen (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM)
come out as harmful products during incomplete combustion from
internal combustion (IC) engines. The level of exhaust gas
production of vehicles is mainly influenced by legislation that
determines the maximum values of individual gas elements. The main
pollutants which are subject to exhaust emission legislation are
carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxides
(NOx). These emissions are worse from the SI engine than CI Engine.
Other important pollutants contained in exhaust emissions are
aldehydes, lead components produced by the use of leaded fuels,
sulphur dioxide (SO2) and particulates (including soot), especially
with diesel engines. It is necessary to measure vehicle in-use
emissions and develop control strategies to reduce pollution. Our
lab has been working on alternative fuels and emission control
measures for the last many years. We have dedicated instrumentation
to measure regulated, unregulated and particulate emissions from the
IC engine. EXSA-1500 has been designed to measure the concentrations
of CO, CO2, THC (total hydrocarbon), NOx and O2 in emission gases
from the engine. For the measurement of CO and CO2, Non-dispersive
infrared (NDIR) analyzer is used in the device. For the
measurement of THC, a heated Flame ionization detector (hot FID) is
used, which can measure even high concentrated gasses.
Chemiluminescent analyzer (CLD) is used for the measurement of NOx
at normal pressure conditions. Magnetopnumatic analyzer (MPA) is
used for measuring O2. MEXA-6000FT-E series measures concentrations
of multiple components utilizing the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)
method in combination with a multivariate analysis algorithm. It can
be used for unregulated emission measurements for gasoline and
diesel vehicle applications. EEPS is a high-performance instrument
designed specifically for measuring particles emitted from internal
combustion engines and vehicles. It measures particle size from 5.6
to 560 nanometres with a sizing resolution of 16 channels per decade
(a total of 32 channels). Its unique design includes revolutionary
features that allow fast distribution measurements. |
