Abundant bedrock exposed in channels

implies shallow depths.

Suggests: transport-limited, weak bedrock, lots of erosion tools

  Hillslopes: landsliding, thin regolith;

Suggests always near failure

HFT: exposed in places, HW deformation zone;

suggests emergent fault.

Field visit sites in the Dehradun valley

D1-A: Very strongly imbricated gravels with some isolated boulders suggesting channelized flow

D1- B:

The main Dharer river section is ~15 meters high and consists of five lithostratigraphic units. The lowermost unit 1 (base not exposed) is of strongly imbricated cross bedded gravels which is followed by a thick jumbles mass of boulder and cobbles and some sand lenses in the lower part. The lower part (2A) also shows some inclined sets of gravels. A basal gravel layer separated the lower and upper part (2B) which records multiple events of cut-and fill. This is followed by a sharp erosional contact above which a ~3m thick gravel layer (Unit 3) rests with large cobbles at base and gets finer towards the top. The overlying Unit 4 is a thick fine sand layer which is pedogenized and shows prominent rill marks and yellow brown mottles. A thin (~1.5m) gravel layer (Unit 5) overlies this soil layer which shows imbrications. The section is covered by ~ 2m thick top soil.

D2, D3:

The left bank of the river  Suarna shows three distinct levels of terraces: