Dr. Amitabha Bandyopadhyay conducted his doctoral research in the laboratory of Prof. Umadas Maitra at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York. Upon receiving his PhD in 2002 he joined the laboratory of Prof. Clifford Tabin at Harvard Medical School for his post-doctoral research. Dr Bandyopadhyay joined the faculty of BSBE in December 2006.

Our research is focused on understanding the mechanisms of cartilage and bone differentiation. We are using a variety of knock-out and transgenic mouse strains and developing chicken embryos in conjunction with several novel cell culture techniques, developed in-house, to study the following aspects of skeletal differentiation:

Articular cartilage development and osteoarthritis: In adult limb skeleton there are multiple elements. However limb skeletal development begins with a single cartilaginous template which is branched (along the long axis) and segmented (perpendicular to the long axis) to give rise to the distinct skeletal elements. Further, while the early limb skeleton is made of pure cartilage, in mature skeleton most of the cartilage is replaced by bone. This cartilage that is replaced by bone is referred to as transient cartilage. Only the cartilage adjoining the plane of segmentation remains as cartilage forever and is varyingly referred to as permanent cartilage or articular cartilage or joint cartilage. During osteoarthritis the permanent cartilage undergoes molecular and histological changes reminiscent of transient cartilage differentiation.

Our laboratory is interested in understanding the molecular mechanism that dictates the location of cartilage primordium segmentation, the link between segmentation (or initiation of joint morphogenesis) and articular cartilage differentiation, the molecular players involved in articular cartilage differentiation, the molecules that are responsible for maintenance of articular cartilage fate and the molecular basis of osteoarthritis.    

Role pf BMP signaling in bone development and osteoporosis: As mentioned above, the cartilage primordia of limb skeleton is mostly replaced by bone through a process called osteogenesis. Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling, a sub-class of TGF-beta signaling pathway, is a critical determinant of osteogenesis. Though originally discovered as an activity that promotes ectopic bone formation it is now known that BMP signaling is essential for development of many embryonic structures. Many tissues, if exposed to BMP proteins, become bone while many naturally BMP responsive tissues do not become bone. This suggests that BMP signaling operates a specific molecular network to promote bone formation. We are interested in elucidating the bone specific BMP signaling network.

Our laboratory has reported the first set of transcripts that are exclusively expressed in developing bone in a BMP signaling dependent manner. We have now conducted a large scale RNAseq analysis to identify more transcripts that are expressed in developing bone in a BMP signaling dependent manner. We have also developed a knock-out mouse strain that suffers from defects similar to what happens during osteoporosis. This mouse model is being used to understand the role of BMP signaling in bone homeostasis in adults as well as for anti-osteoporsis drug development research.

Anusmita Sahoo received Bachelor of engineering in the field of Biotechnology from Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra in 2009. She obtained her PhD in Molecular Biophysics from Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore in 2015 under the supervision of Professor Raghavan Varadarajan. Prior to joining IIT Kanpur in September, 2022, she completed her post-doctoral training under Professor Rama Rao Amara’s lab in Emory National Primate Center, Emory University, Atlanta, where her research focussed on designing HIV-1 vaccines and monitoring their efficacy in preventing infection in animal models including non-human primates.

Increase in viral diseases caused by arbovirus in different parts of India demands work towards understanding the cause leading to the spread and developing effective vaccines to reduce the disease burden and healthcare expenditure. The vision of our research is to engineer proteins as cross-reactive vaccine candidates against different emerging viral pathogens, including but not limited to, alphavirus (e.g., chikungunya) and flavivirus (e.g., dengue) by computational and combinatorial biology. We aim to work on design strategies to improve stability of the vaccine candidates and monitor efficacy in preventing disease in model organisms, including non-human primates (NHPs). The primary goal of the lab is to translate the successful designs into clinical trials. The lab intends to undertake collaborative and interdisciplinary research to understand the evolution and escape of virus in presence of immune pressure. The interactions between the Fc region of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and various Fc receptors (FcRs) present on immune cells generate effector functions necessary to control the disease and produce cytokines which further shape the disease severity. In this regard, our research also focusses to understand the crosstalk between cytokines and glycosylation profile of antibodies, and their influence in vaccine efficacy and disease severity.