CELP Department Courses:
| INTRODUCTION TO PHOTONICS (PSE601A) |
Photonics deals with light generation, amplification, guiding, manipulation, and detection for harvesting information. This course introduces some of the fundamental aspects of photonics excluding generation and detection. Course Topics: Maxwell Equations, Wave Equations, Dielectric Media, Constitutive Relations Electromagnetic, Waves- Gaussian Beams, Absorption and Dispersion, Spatial and Temporal Coherence Boundary conditions, Fresnel’s equations and coefficients, Brewster and critical angles, Total internal reflection, Evanescent waves, ATR Polarization, Crystal optics and Optics of Anisotropic Media, Interference and Interferometers: Fabry Perot Electro-optics, Acousto-optics and modulators Fourier transform, optical Fourier transform and introduction to Diffraction Dielectric Waveguides – conditions for propagation, modes, dispersion, field distribution Suggested topics for photonics applications, if time permits, will include: Photonic devices in brief: Beam splitter, Waveplates, Optical Isolator, Wavelength Switches, Fabry Perot Filters, Bragg Mirrors, Micro-ring Resonators. |
| PRINCIPLES OF LASERS AND DETECTORS (PSE602A) |
This course provides an introduction to the fundamental principles governing the operation and design of coherent light sources and detection tools. Course Topics: Introduction to light sources, Lasers, principle of lasing Optical cavities, longitudinal, transverse modes, Stability Interaction of radiation with matter, Spontaneous emission Absorption and stimulated emission, line broadening mechanisms Population inversion, absorption and gain coefficients Pumping schemes (Rate equation based Lasing model) Three- and four- level lasers CW and pulsed lasers, Q-switching and mode-locking. Detection of optical radiation: Photomultiplier tubes, semiconductor photodiodes, avalanche photodiodes, Single photon detectors, dark current, thermal noise, shot noise. Measurement systems: Spectroscopy (Spectral and Temporal measurement systems), CCD, monochromater, pulse width measurement. |
| NUMERICAL METHODS IN OPTICS (PSE603A) |
This course aims to train a student to be able to numerically model problems related to optical phenomena. Each of the topics listed below will be accompanied by case studies related to optics. Some suggested case studies are: Ray Tracing using Matrix methods, Design of optical systems, Vectorial Wave propagation, Beam propagation, Anisotropic media, Modal description. Course Topics: Introduction to MATLAB/MATHMATICA type platform Linear algebra: matrices, matrix inversion; QR, Singular value decomposition, systems of equations, eigenvalues, eigenvectors, orthonormalization, condition number Laplace and Fourier transforms Vector calculus, Cartesian tensors Ordinary differential equations, series solution, Fourier series, Special functions Iterative and direct methods for linear algebraic equations; generalized inverses, least squares Numerical differentiation and integration; Numerical solution of 1st and second order ODEs, Runge-Kutta method, stability, stiff systems Partial differential equations, second order equations, classification, separation of variables, Sturm-Liouville theory Numerical solution of linear PDEs by the method of finite differences, stability Interpolation; Regression analysis Laplace equation, Poisson equation, Heat equation, Wave equation, Telegraph equation Complex variable theory Taylor series expansion, Taylor series approximation, applications such as linearization, root finding Signal processing fundamentals, time domain and frequency domain statistics, Convolution and Correlation, DFT applications. |
| PHOTONIC SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS (PSE604A) |
Number of industrial and scientific applications related to photonics is growing rapidly across various disciplines. The basic courses in the first semester related to generation and transmission of photons deal with fundamental principles. The present course focuses on design issues for various applications/devices of photonics. Design of lasers, its tuning system and design of beam transmission components are discussed specific to different practical applications. Course Topics: Principles and Applications of Solid-State Laser Systems: Laser diode Structures, Mechanism of photon emission in semiconductor laser, Tunable semiconductor diode laser, rare earth doped lasers, Nd- Glass/Nd-Yag/Er- doped/Vd- Yag Lasers, Transition metal lasers, Ruby/Ti-Saphire lasers, High Power Diode lasers, DPSS Lasers, Quantum cascade Laser. Principles and Applications of Liquid and Gas Laser Systems: Dye laser, Tunable Lasers, Frequency stabilization, Tuning Techniques, Ar + lasers, He-Ne laser, CO2 lasers. Nonlinear optics: Parametric processes, Phase matching, Nonlinear optical processes, SHG, Chirped pulse amplifier, parametricamplifier. Photonics Applications in Medicine and Surgery: Laser Tissue Interaction, Turbid media, Depth of penetration, Thermal and optical properties of tissue, Heat dissipation by blood flow, Diagnostic application of lasers, Dosimetry Photon Transport theory, Measurement of tissue properties, Double integrating sphere. Laser Applications in Material Processing: Laser matter interaction, non-Fourier thermal transport, Ablation, Laser induced plasma, Laser micromachining, Microfabrication, Direct-write patterning, Laser CVD, Texturing, Joining, Annealing, Scribing Optical measurements: thin film measurements, Temperature and concentration measurements, Stresses, Flow imaging, Biomedical diagnostics, Optical Tomography Entertainment: CD Rom, Video Projection, Laser shows Special Topics: Plasmonics, Photonic crystals, Optical antennas, Photonic metamaterials, anophotonics |
| PHOTONICS LAB TECHNIQUES (PSE605A) |
This course aims to develop the experimental skills of the students in the areas of optics and photonics. Course Topics: Beam parameter of He-Ne Laser, Diode Laser characteristics, Electro-optic effect in a Lithium Niobate Crystal and Magneto-optic effect in a Terbium doped glass rod, polarization studies, Mach-Zehnder Interferometry, Acousto- Optic modulator, Fresnel and Fraunhofer Diffraction, Nd: YAG laser and 2nd harmonic generation, Diffraction grating characterization and Fabry-Perot Interferometry, Measurement of temporal coherence of different light sources using Michelson interferometer, Alignment, acquisition, processing and reconstruction of holograms, Characterization of optical fiber |
| RESEARCH IN PHOTONICS AND LASERS (PSE606A) |
This course will serve as a precursor to the full Master’s thesis that a student in the program will undertake in the second year. The purpose of the course is two-fold. It will reveal emerging trends in photonics and laser applications to the concerned student and bring out the topicality and importance of the program. The second goal is to train the student in various aspects of research methodology. These are literature survey, problem definition, preliminary analysis, defining a research program, conducting experiments/simulation, data analysis and interpretation, and report preparation. The student will identify and complete a short project during the semester. This project may be similar to his Master’s dissertation and may be guided by the thesis advisor, though it is not a requirement. The student grade will be based on a mid- term presentation and a final presentation combined with a report. A department level committee will evaluate all research projects and the committee chair will award the final grade. This will be a S/X grade course. Research areas that can be pursued will evolve with time and reflect faculty interest. Possible topics include the following: Biophotonics, nanobiophotonics, Optical communication, Quantum cryptography Nonlinear optics Tomography Quantum dots, photonic crystals Laser manufacturing and materials processing Laser Instrumentation, PIV, Thermography, micro scale Imaging, Satellite Imaging Clouds, aerosols, Lidar spectroscopy Multiphoton imaging. Texts and references will be project specific. A few lectures will be given to assist students in data representation, thesis and manuscript preparation. It is proposed to allocate five lectures for these and will be conducted in the second half of the semester. The following reference will be appropriate in this context. T.N. Huckin and L.A. Olsen, Technical Writing and Professional Communication for nonnative speakers of English, second (international edition, McGraw Hill (1991) |
| SPECIAL TOPICS IN PHOTONICS (PSE607A) |
This course provides flexibility to individual faculty members to offer new courses in the areas of their research interest. For example, the following course content was offered in Spring 2020 in the domain of quantum optics:
|